Appendix – Grit Scale for Perseverance and Passion for Long-Term Goals
Number of respondents for grit items and criterion variables by country
|
Country |
N grit |
and |
|
|
|
|
|
|
N competence score |
N level of education1 |
N occupational status1 |
N income1 |
|
Austria |
395 |
388 |
324 |
327 |
163 |
|
Belgium |
367 |
359 |
334 |
337 |
181 |
|
Chile |
245 |
224 |
186 |
186 |
71 |
|
Cyprus |
363 |
353 |
307 |
309 |
149 |
|
Czech Republic |
376 |
362 |
299 |
299 |
140 |
|
Denmark |
356 |
349 |
284 |
287 |
203 |
|
Estonia |
351 |
346 |
272 |
272 |
173 |
|
Finland |
296 |
257 |
223 |
224 |
143 |
|
France |
563 |
499 |
478 |
490 |
254 |
|
Germany |
371 |
368 |
319 |
325 |
199 |
|
Ireland |
232 |
223 |
187 |
188 |
88 |
|
Italy |
285 |
278 |
254 |
256 |
107 |
|
Japan |
447 |
429 |
420 |
420 |
270 |
|
Korea |
430 |
384 |
382 |
382 |
173 |
|
Netherlands |
366 |
347 |
305 |
306 |
177 |
|
Norway |
311 |
296 |
251 |
255 |
205 |
|
Poland |
399 |
272 |
341 |
339 |
114 |
|
Portugal2 |
11 |
10 |
11 |
11 |
6 |
|
Spain |
290 |
281 |
233 |
243 |
105 |
|
Sweden |
305 |
293 |
67 |
257 |
187 |
|
United Kingdom |
343 |
319 |
0 |
291 |
151 |
|
Across all countries |
7,102 |
6,637 |
5477 |
6004 |
3259 |
Note. 1 Only respondents who completed their education. 2 Excluded from further analyses due to small sample size.
Item intercepts based on the metric invariance model (with acquiescence)
|
Country |
Item 1 |
Item 2 |
Item 3 |
Item 4 |
Item 5 |
Item 6 |
Item 7 |
Item 8 |
Item 9 |
|
Austria |
3.77 |
2.10 |
3.99 |
3.65 |
2.41 |
3.40 |
4.30 |
1.96 |
1.79 |
|
Belgium |
4.11 |
2.14 |
4.00 |
3.74 |
2.23 |
3.77 |
4.26 |
2.05 |
1.67 |
|
Chile |
4.13 |
2.34 |
4.27 |
4.52 |
2.54 |
3.59 |
4.40 |
2.23 |
2.11 |
|
Cyprus |
3.77 |
2.39 |
4.11 |
3.87 |
2.51 |
3.65 |
4.26 |
2.13 |
1.73 |
|
Czech Republic |
3.81 |
2.84 |
3.80 |
4.08 |
2.67 |
3.42 |
4.07 |
2.56 |
2.04 |
|
Denmark |
4.01 |
2.36 |
3.91 |
3.93 |
2.81 |
3.29 |
3.92 |
2.24 |
1.95 |
|
Estonia |
3.84 |
2.63 |
3.70 |
3.71 |
2.87 |
3.44 |
3.84 |
2.40 |
1.96 |
|
Finland |
4.21 |
2.97 |
3.80 |
4.30 |
2.72 |
3.50 |
4.35 |
2.54 |
2.02 |
|
France |
4.00 |
2.14 |
3.74 |
3.90 |
2.43 |
3.50 |
3.95 |
2.20 |
1.97 |
|
Germany |
3.77 |
2.08 |
3.92 |
3.30 |
2.35 |
3.47 |
4.24 |
2.06 |
1.82 |
|
Ireland |
4.10 |
2.59 |
3.81 |
3.79 |
2.58 |
3.11 |
3.94 |
2.26 |
1.97 |
|
Italy |
4.00 |
2.27 |
4.00 |
3.78 |
2.48 |
3.33 |
3.86 |
2.04 |
1.97 |
|
Japan |
3.11 |
2.85 |
2.60 |
2.99 |
2.45 |
2.89 |
3.44 |
2.13 |
2.21 |
|
Korea |
3.64 |
2.26 |
3.54 |
3.53 |
2.35 |
3.35 |
3.84 |
2.12 |
1.98 |
|
Netherlands |
4.02 |
2.12 |
3.84 |
3.56 |
2.16 |
3.58 |
3.92 |
2.05 |
1.96 |
|
Norway |
3.88 |
2.40 |
3.88 |
3.95 |
2.83 |
3.33 |
3.79 |
2.16 |
1.96 |
|
Poland |
4.10 |
2.35 |
3.96 |
3.96 |
2.51 |
3.34 |
3.98 |
2.24 |
1.80 |
|
Spain |
4.17 |
2.24 |
3.97 |
4.19 |
2.45 |
3.31 |
3.97 |
2.03 |
1.89 |
|
Sweden |
3.91 |
2.44 |
3.93 |
3.93 |
2.80 |
3.32 |
4.06 |
2.37 |
1.96 |
|
United Kingdom |
4.25 |
2.65 |
3.88 |
3.76 |
2.54 |
3.23 |
4.02 |
2.24 |
2.03 |
|
Mean |
3.93 |
2.41 |
3.83 |
3.82 |
2.53 |
3.39 |
4.02 |
2.20 |
1.94 |
|
Variance |
0.07 |
0.07 |
0.11 |
0.11 |
0.04 |
0.04 |
0.05 |
0.03 |
0.02 |